A thorough plumbing inspection can save you from unexpected leaks, high water bills, and even structural damage. Whether you’ve just moved into a new place or you’re simply performing routine maintenance, examining your home’s water supply and drain lines is a must. Below, you’ll find a step-by-step guide that will help you inspect both the inside and outside of your home’s plumbing like a seasoned professional.
Start with the Exterior
Walk around your home’s perimeter and take note of the following:
- Valve Boxes and Utility Lines
• Look for a main shut-off valve or meter box. Ensure it’s not submerged or blocked by dirt.
• If you see a gas line near the water valve, confirm you can access and operate the gas shut-off if needed. - Hose Bibs and Vacuum Breakers
• Check every outdoor faucet (hose bib) for leaks.
• Add or verify vacuum breakers. They prevent backflow and might be required by code.
• Tighten or replace the breaker if water drips persistently. - Cleanouts and Drainage
• Identify any exposed drain cleanouts. Open or missing caps let debris enter and can indicate a previous drain issue.
• Check for signs of water pooling or soil erosion near the foundation. - Downspouts and Gutters
• While not strictly plumbing, gutter issues can cause water to pool near your foundation.
• Confirm downspouts direct water away from the house.
Inspect the Water Heater
- Location and Access
• Your heater may be in a closet, utility room, or garage. Make sure it’s easy to reach and well-ventilated. - Signs of Corrosion or Leaks
• Look for rust around the tank or on connecting pipes.
• If it has a plastic drain valve, consider replacing it with a brass one for durability. - Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve (T&P)
• This valve should be piped to a drain or safely to the outside.
• Watch for any constant dripping, which can signal high pressure or a faulty valve. - Age of the Unit
• Check the label or serial number to estimate the heater’s age.
• Older than 10–12 years? Budget for a replacement.
Washer and Laundry Area
- Water Supply Hoses
• Rubber hoses can crack and burst unexpectedly. Upgrade to braided stainless steel for a safer option. - Angle Stops or Valves
• Look for signs of corrosion or leaks at the shut-off valves. - Drain and Vent
• Does your washer drain quickly without backing up?
• Make sure no foul odors are emanating from the laundry standpipe or P-trap.
Kitchen Plumbing
- Sink and Faucet
• Run both hot and cold water. Observe the water pressure and look for leaks under the sink.
• A slow-draining sink can indicate a partial blockage. - Garbage Disposal
• Turn it on briefly. Listen for any loud grinding or malfunction.
• Check for leaks where the disposal meets the drainpipe. - Dishwasher and Refrigerator Lines
• Inspect the dishwasher supply line for leaks or rust.
• If you have a fridge ice-maker line, confirm it’s not kinked or damp around the fitting.
Bathrooms and Toilets
- Toilet Checks
• Flush each toilet and watch for a complete flush.
• Check the base for water or discoloration in the flooring.
• Remove the tank lid: is the fill valve set properly, or does water constantly overflow? - Bathroom Sinks
• Avoid accordion-style drain piping. It tends to trap debris and grow mold.
• Verify water flows smoothly, then look for leaks below. - Showers and Tubs
• Run water, check for adequate pressure, and observe drainage speed.
• In older bathrooms where a tub was converted to a shower, ensure the shower pan is watertight. If in doubt, perform a shower pan test by inserting a test ball in the drain and filling the pan with water for about 15 minutes. Look for leaks outside or underneath if you can access a crawl space.
Wrap-Up and Final Notes
After turning on each fixture, wipe around the base and pipes to see if any new water droplets appear. Pay attention to flooring or cabinet wood that might warp from slow, undetected leaks. Also, if possible, keep a lookout for any unusual smells—signs of mold or mildew can tip you off to hidden moisture issues.
A consistent schedule of inspections helps you catch minor problems early. If you discover anything beyond your comfort level, consult a licensed plumber for further evaluation or repair. By following the steps above, you’ll be well on your way to maintaining a healthy plumbing system and protecting your home from water damage.
